5 Minutes with Pak Jisman, Directorate General of Electricity
Enlit Asia speaks to Pak Jisman P. Hutajulu, Directorate General of Electricity, Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources, Government of Indonesia, about the Indonesia’s changing energy landscape, and what effect the energy transition will have on the region.
For the energy sector, we are planning to offset 129 million tonnes of CO2 emissions, which will allow us to achieve Net Zero Emissions (NZE) in 2060. For the electricity sector, we expect to reach zero tonnes of CO2 emissions by 2060.
Regarding energy infrastructure, Indonesia plans to develop an inter-island interconnection to address a mismatch between demand and energy sources. The potential resources of hydro power are abundant in the islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan, but demand lies mostly in Java, Sulawesi and Maluku, in the smelter industries. This is where transmission development comes in as the backbone; we believe that there is no energy transition without transmission, and no energy security without interconnectivity.
Indonesia has also developed supporting policies for the energy transition and introduced a carbon pricing mechanism with carbon tax as a financial incentive to reduce the carbon footprint. Currently, we have officially launched carbon trading for coal-fired power plants, covering 99 units connected to the grid with a total capacity of 33.6 GW owned and operated by PLN.
To achieve the Net Zero Emission target in 2060, we need an investment of 994 billion USD for power generation and 113 billion for transmission, or about 28.5 billion per year. So, we are open for any overseas countries to invest in Indonesia’s energy transition programme.
However, from the total 84 GW, 67% of the energy mix comes from coal power generation. We are now working on reducing our dependency in fossil power generation, and Indonesia has set renewable energy targets to be achieved by 23% renewable energy share in energy mix in 2025 and 31% in 2050 as stated in our National Energy Policy (KEN).
Indonesia has huge potential for renewable energy by 740 GW: mostly from solar PV (430 GW), hydro (82 GW) and bioenergy (57 GW). At present, the renewable energy share is about 14% in energy mix with a target of 23% in 2025.
In the development of new renewable energy, we consider the demand, reliability, and cost of power generation. We must keep electricity tariffs in Indonesia affordable and the industry more competitive.
We also preparing a roadmap for natural retirement for 65 GW coal powerplant based on the Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). The highest emission will be in 2030. Coal powerplants will end in 2057.
Currently, Indonesia is intensively discussing a roadmap for early retirement for coal powerplants with international organizations in Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) programme. The JETP programme has committed to support the energy transition in Indonesia with planning of financial support is about 20 billion USD.
We have an electricity business plan by PLN for the next 10 years, called the Green Business Plan (RUPTL) 2021-2030. About 52% is coming from renewable energy, 48% of fossil power plant development is already in committed or under construction status when RUPTL had issued. 21 GW of powerplant in RUPTL.
We have an opportunity to develop 7.4GW RE which consists of 2.7 GW of solar power, 2.5 GW of hydropower, 1.4 GW of geothermal, 285 MW of wind power, and 463 MW of bioenergy.
There is no longer additional coal powerplant except under construction or committed stage.
The Government has introduced the de-dieselisation programme, or the conversion of diesel power plants scattered over 2,130 locations.
In a way to achieve renewable energy targets towards NZE, we have engaged in international collaborations and partnerships to support its decarbonisation efforts in the power sector.
Intensive coordination with international support such as JETP and AZEC will bring more access to financing, technology transfers, and knowledge sharing in renewable energy development.
Lack of improvement in grid infrastructure may bring imbalance in the system and increase inefficiency on evacuating power supply. These conditions can lead to an unstable grid and low share of Variable Renewable Energy (VRE) penetration.
We believe that the modernisation of the grid should be able to accommodate variable generations and ensuring a stable and reliable electricity supply. To address these challenges, we can upgrade the national grid with advanced high-voltage transmission lines (HVAC and HVDC, Subsea or Overhead transmission).
Nowadays, the Java-Bali system is on over-capacity. So, the transmission from Java to Sumatera is needed to evacuate the power. Also, we need a transmission line from the main island backbone to the small islands which don’t have adequate energy sources.
We have also planned for a supergrid to connect the major islands in Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. With this supergrid programme, we can evacuate a huge hydro potential around 12 GW from Kalimantan to Java Island as the demand centre and to Sulawesi as the load centre for smelter industries.
Another effort is implementing smart grid technologies such as OML (Online Monitoring Losses) and AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) and enhancing grid flexibility; this will be the key consideration.
We also now preparing policies and regulations to encourage private sector participation in collaboration with PLN to improve of grid development and support national power grid investment.
The power generation will be dominated by VRE by about 77%, equipped with energy storage technologies, pumped storage hydro powerplant and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS).
While on the demand side, the energy transition effort could be developed with the deployment of Electric Vehicles (EVs), induction stoves, electrifying agriculture, and implementing energy efficiency measures.
We believe that the collaborations and knowledge sharing with partner countries, international organisations, and institutions can provide valuable insights, best practices, access to funding, technology transfers, and capacity-building initiatives to overcome the re-adjustment of our energy transition strategies.
How do platforms such as Enlit Asia and HLN78 support the achievement of Indonesian NZE/NDC targets? We appreciate the contribution of Enlit Asia and HLN78 in supporting the achievement of Indonesia NZE/NDC targets.
We hope Enlit Asia will assist us in engaging power and energy professionals with the knowledge and experience in energy transition programmes and HLN78 to support us on preparing the ASEAN region’s readiness for the energy transition.
Source : https://www.enlit-asia365.com/grids/pak-jisman-indonesia-grids/?utm_source=enewsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Enlit-Asia-Industry-newsletter-2023
No comments